There are many different titanium grades, which differ significantly in their chemical composition, mechanical properties and internal organization, and therefore their application areas. Pure titanium is known to be relatively inexpensive, but titanium alloys and pure titanium are each available in several different grades. Each grade of titanium has different properties and application scenarios. So, what are the common titanium grades? What are the specific differences between them? This blog will provide you with detailed answers and give you a clearer understanding of the different titanium grades.

CP Titanium

The full name of CP Titanium is Commercially Pure Titanium, and it consists of four pure titanium grades：

Grade 1 Titanium

Feature

With the exception of high purity titanium , Gr1 titanium has the highest purity and fewest impurities of all titanium grades. Its chemical composition consists almost entirely of titanium, resulting in excellent corrosion resistance and biocompatibility. Despite its relatively low strength, Gr1 titanium has excellent ductility and toughness, allowing it to maintain good mechanical properties in more demanding environments.

Application

Aerospace: Gr1 titanium is commonly used in the manufacture of aircraft frames, engine accessories and other key components. With its lightweight and high strength characteristics, it can significantly reduce the overall weight of the aircraft, thus improving flight performance, fuel efficiency and operational stability.

Marine: Gr1 titanium has excellent seawater corrosion resistance and is widely used in pipelines, valves, pumps and other equipment in marine engineering. Its excellent corrosion resistance ensures long-term stable operation and prolonged service life of the equipment in the harsh marine environment.

Chemical equipment: Gr1 titanium is used in the manufacture of components for desalination systems, chemical heat exchangers, coolers and other equipment, and is particularly suitable for use in chemical media and high temperature environments. Its high corrosion resistance and high temperature resistance make it an indispensable material in the chemical industry.

Medical field: Gr1 titanium is widely used in the medical industry for biomedical instruments such as bone implants, artificial joints, dental implants and so on. Due to its excellent biocompatibility, Gr1 Titanium is able to minimize the body’s rejection of implants and provide long-term stable implantation results.

Electrolytic plating field: Gr1 titanium is commonly used as a base material for titanium anodes, which are widely used in electrolytic plating and hydrogen production from electrolyzed water. Its corrosion resistance, electrical conductivity and stability make it perform well in the electrolysis process and prolong the service life of the anode.

Form

Gr1 Titanium Sheet, Gr1 Titanium Rod, Gr1 Titanium Tube, Gr1 Titanium Wire, Gr1 Titanium Flange, Gr1 Titanium Disc, Gr1 Titanium Ring, Gr1 Titanium Target, Gr1 Titanium Pipe Fittings, Gr1 Titanium Part etc.

Grade 2 Titanium

Feature

Gr2 titanium is a commonly used grade in pure titanium materials, although its iron and oxygen impurity content is slightly higher than Gr1 titanium, and the purity of titanium is relatively low, but its mechanical properties are better than Gr1 titanium.Gr2 titanium has higher strength, good ductility and better corrosion resistance, compared with Gr1 titanium, Gr2 titanium has higher strength, but still maintains good workability and toughness.

Application

Gr2 titanium is a commonly used industrial grade of pure titanium in the industry. For plasticity requirements of stamping and corrosion-resistant structural parts, such as aircraft skeletons, skins, engine parts, marine piping, valves, pumps and water wings, desalination system parts. Chemical equipment on the heat exchanger, pump body, distillation tower, coolers, stirrers, tees, impellers, fasteners, ion pumps, compressor valves, as well as diesel engine pistons, connecting rods, leaf springs, pressure vessels, pumps and valves.

Form

Gr2 Titanium Sheet, Gr2 Titanium Rod, Gr2 Titanium Tube, Gr2 Titanium Wire, Gr2 Titanium Flange, Gr2 Titanium Disc, Gr2 Titanium Ring, Gr2 Titanium Target, Gr2 Titanium Pipe Fittings, Gr2 Titanium Part etc.

Grade 3 Titanium

Feature

Gr3 titanium (UNS R50550) is an alpha-type titanium alloy with excellent machinability and plasticity in the annealed condition. Compared to Gr1 and Gr2 titanium, Gr3 titanium has higher tensile strength and elongation, making it excellent in many applications where higher mechanical properties and better plasticity are required. Because of its high strength and good ductility, Gr3 titanium is often used in applications where it is subjected to high loads or where high tensile strength is required. Gr3 titanium has good machinability at room temperature and is suitable for both cold and hot working, and has excellent weldability, making it suitable for the manufacture of complex shaped parts.

Application

In medical device manufacturing, you can use Gr3 Titanium in the production of implants such as artificial joints, dental implants, bone plates and screws. Due to its excellent biocompatibility and good mechanical properties, Gr3 titanium is able to work stably in the human body for a long period of time, reduce rejection, and provide reliable support and repair functions.In addition, Gr3 Titanium is widely used in the food and pharmaceutical industries. It is used in the manufacture of adhesion- and corrosion-related components, such as internal equipment components, pipes, pumps and valves

Form

Gr3 Titanium Sheet, Gr3 Titanium Rod,  Gr3 Titanium Wire, Gr3 titanium disc, Gr3 Titanium Part etc.

Grade 4 Titanium

Feature

Gr4 titanium (UNS R50700), also known as high-strength pure titanium, has the highest tensile and creep strengths in the pure titanium family. Due to its excellent mechanical properties, Gr4 Titanium is the material of choice for many high strength applications. It is suitable for use in operating environments from 0-427°C and can withstand high-temperature welding conditions with intermittent temperatures of up to 538°C. It is also suitable for use in the production of high-temperature welding equipment.Similar to other pure titanium grades, Gr4 titanium has excellent machinability and formability, making it easy to fine-tune the manufacturing process. In addition, Gr4 titanium has very good welding properties.

Application

If you are looking for a low-cost material with high strength, Gr4 titanium is an ideal choice. Due to its excellent tensile and creep strength, Gr4 titanium is used in a wide range of applications such as medical devices, dental implants and surgical instruments. Its high strength and good biocompatibility make it a very popular choice in the medical industry, especially for implants and instruments that need to withstand high loads or have high durability.In addition, Gr4 titanium is used in a wide range of applications such as welding wire, high temperature structural materials and titanium fasteners.

Form

Gr4 Titanium Sheet, Gr4 Titanium Rod,  Gr4 Titanium Wire, Gr4 titanium disc,Gr4 titanium fastener etc.

Titanium Alloy

Titanium alloys can be classified into the following three categories according to the composition of the phases:
α Titanium Alloys: This type of titanium alloy is mainly composed of the α phase, which has low strength at room temperature but excellent heat and corrosion resistance, and is usually used to manufacture components and materials that work for long periods of time in high-temperature environments and are corrosion-resistant.

(α+β) Titanium Alloy: This titanium alloy consists of both the α- and β-phases, has medium strength, and can be further strengthened by heat treatment. It combines good machinability, strength and toughness, and is suitable for the manufacture of high-strength and complex-shaped parts.

β Titanium Alloy: β Titanium Alloy is dominated by the β phase, has high strength and toughness, and is commonly used in special applications requiring high strength, high toughness and corrosion resistance.

Grade 5 Titanium

Feature

Gr5 titanium alloy has a tensile strength of more than 895Mpa and a yield strength of more than 828Mpa. It is a high-strength and high-toughness titanium alloy, which contains about 6% aluminum and 4% vanadium, so it is also known as Ti6Al4V titanium alloy.

Application

The aerospace industry requires materials with low density and high strength, and Gr5 titanium alloy is ideal for this need. Its excellent mechanical properties and corrosion resistance allow for excellent flight performance and long service life under extreme conditions, and it is widely used in aircraft skeletons, engine components and other critical structures.

In the medical field, low-gap Gr5Eli titanium alloys made in accordance with ASTM F136 or ISO 5832-3 are considered ideal materials for medical devices. This titanium alloy is commonly used in the manufacture of orthopedic implants, artificial joints and other demanding medical devices due to its excellent biocompatibility and strength, which ensures the long-term stability and durability of the implant in the human body.

In addition, Gr5 titanium alloy is also widely used in high-performance sports equipment, such as golf clubs, surfboards, etc. Due to its lightweight and high strength, these equipment improve sports performance while ensuring durability and safety. Meanwhile, Gr5 titanium alloy is also used in automobile engine parts, transmission system and other fields, with its excellent strength and high temperature resistance to enhance the power and performance of the car.

Form

Gr5 Titanium Sheet, Gr5 Titanium Rod, Gr5 Titanium Tube, Gr5 Titanium Wire, Gr5 Titanium Flange, Gr5 Titanium Disc, Gr5 Titanium Ring, Gr5 Titanium Target, Gr5 Titanium Part etc.

Grade 6 Titanium

Feature

Gr6 titanium alloy (also known as Ti-5Al-2.5Sn) is a medium-strength alpha titanium alloy that contains about 5% aluminum and about 2.5% tin in its composition. The alloy has a tensile strength of not less than 828 MPa and a yield strength of not less than 795 MPa, allowing it to excel in a wide variety of applications.Gr6 titanium has good machinability, high conditional yield strength as well as low creep resistance and high tensile strength.

As a non-heat treatment strengthened titanium alloy, Gr6 titanium exhibits its best properties in the annealed condition. It offers a good balance of structural strength and corrosion resistance and is suitable for many applications requiring moderate strength and good machinability.

Application

Gr6 titanium alloy has a strength between that of Gr4 titanium and Gr5 titanium, and has an excellent combination of properties that make it widely used in a number of industries. In the medical field, Gr6 titanium alloy is commonly used in the manufacture of surgical implants such as artificial joints (e.g., hip joints, knee joints, etc.), bone nails, bone plates, and other surgical implants. Due to its good biocompatibility, strength and corrosion resistance, Gr6 titanium alloy is an ideal medical material to ensure the long-term stability and safety of implants.

In addition, Gr6 medical titanium alloys are widely used in the manufacture of handles for surgical instruments, or small piping structures in some medical devices for the transportation of specific liquids or gases. All of these applications take full advantage of Gr6 titanium alloy’s high strength, good workability, and corrosion resistance to ensure the efficient operation of medical devices in complex environments.

In shipbuilding, the excellent seawater corrosion resistance of Gr6 titanium alloy makes it an ideal material for manufacturing ship components. Especially in marine environments that require high strength and corrosion resistance, Gr6 titanium alloy is often used in hull structures, offshore platforms and submarine pipelines and other important components to ensure the long-term stability and safety of ships.

 

Form

Gr6 Titanium Sheet, Gr6 Titanium Rod, Gr6 Titanium Tube, Gr6 Titanium Wire etc

Grade 7 Titanium

Feature

Gr7 titanium alloys (containing 0.12-0.25% palladium) are widely used for their excellent corrosion resistance. Compared with ordinary titanium grades, Gr7 titanium alloy is particularly outstanding in oxidizing media, especially in media with high chloride ion concentrations, and has excellent corrosion resistance, enabling it to work stably in extremely harsh environments. Its corrosion resistance far exceeds that of conventional titanium alloys, and it is particularly suitable for industrial applications that require long-term exposure to corrosive media.

In addition, Gr7 titanium alloy is stable over a wide range of temperatures from -184°C to 540°C, giving it excellent performance and stability at both low and high temperatures.

Application

Gr7 titanium alloy is widely used in the highly corrosive chemical industry as well as in production equipment components due to its excellent corrosion resistance. It is commonly used in the manufacture of key equipment such as reactors, towers, autoclaves, heat exchangers, pumps, valves, centrifuges, separators, piping, pipe fittings, electrolysis tanks and high-temperature structural components.In addition, Gr7 titanium alloy can also be used in the manufacture of fans, venturi, spray guns and a variety of equipment accessories.

Form

Gr7 Titanium Sheet, Gr7 Titanium Rod, Gr7 Titanium Tube, Gr7 Titanium Wire , Gr7 Titanium Forging, Gr7 Titanium Flange, Gr7 Titanium Pipe Fittings.

Grade 9 Titanium

Feature

Gr9 titanium alloy (also known as Ti3Al2.5V) is a moderately strong titanium alloy with 2.5%-3.5% aluminum content and 2%-3% vanadium content. Its mechanical properties are superior to those of pure titanium, but slightly inferior to those of Gr5 titanium alloy, and therefore it excels in applications where moderate strength is required. Compared to Gr5 titanium alloys, Gr9 titanium alloys are less expensive, making them a cost-effective choice.

Application

Grade 9 Titanium Tube is widely used in many fields due to its lightweight and high strength. Particularly in industries such as titanium bicycles, motorcycles and automobiles, Gr9 titanium tubing provides excellent corrosion resistance and light weight, making these vehicles more efficient and durable. In addition, high-pressure resistant lightweight conduits, engine hydraulic systems and fuel piping systems on airplanes often use Gr9 titanium alloy tubing, ensuring the reliability and durability of the systems.

At present, the application fields of Gr9 titanium alloy bar are also expanding, especially in the energy industry. It is widely used in the manufacture of nuclear reactors, solar panels and other equipment.

Form

Gr9 Titanium Sheet, Gr9 Titanium Rod, Gr9 Titanium Tube, Gr9 Titanium Wire etc

Grade 11 Titanium

Feature

The Gr11 titanium grade is similar to the Gr7 titanium grade in that it contains a small amount of palladium, which is primarily used to improve the corrosion resistance of titanium alloys, especially against crevice corrosion in chloride environments. Compared to the Gr7 titanium grade, the Gr11 titanium grade has a lower palladium content. The specific differences between the two are listed below:

Pure titanium GR1+ palladium= GR11.
Pure titanium GR2 + palladium= GR7.
Titanium grades Gr1 and Gr11 are usually used for deep-drawn sheet with a regular thickness range of 0.5-0.8 mm, whereas titanium grades Gr2 and Gr7 are more commonly used for pipe bends and tubes.

Application

As mentioned above, the Gr11 titanium grade not only inherits the excellent properties of Gr1 titanium, but also enhances its ability to be used in corrosive environments through the addition of palladium. The presence of palladium enables Gr11 titanium alloy to exhibit excellent corrosion resistance when faced with marine environments, seawater desalination, chlorate production, chemical processing, and plate heat exchangers. Particularly in corrosive media containing hydrogen sulfide, hydrofluoric acid and other corrosive media, Gr11 titanium grades offer longer service life and greater chemical resistance, making them ideal for meeting the challenges of corrosion in harsh environments.

Form

Gr11 Titanium Sheet, Gr11 Titanium Rod, Gr11 Titanium Tube, Gr11 Titanium Wire etc

Grade 12 Titanium

Feature

Titanium Grade 12, also known as Ti-0.3-Mo-0.8Ni, is an alpha+beta type titanium alloy with molybdenum and nickel added to its chemical composition, allowing it to exhibit excellent corrosion resistance in several chemical media. The alloy is not only resistant to corrosive media such as acids, alkalis, chloride ions and seawater, but also offers cost advantages over palladium. In addition, Titanium Grade 12 has excellent machinability, allowing it to be easily processed both cold and hot, making it suitable for a wide range of manufacturing processes.

Application

Grade 12 titanium is used in a wide range of applications due to its excellent corrosion resistance and workability. It is commonly used in heat exchangers, condensers, and piping and tubing connections in the nuclear power industry, where its ability to withstand high temperatures and corrosive environments ensures long-term stability. In addition, Grade 12 titanium grades are widely used in chemical processing, power generation, desalination, marine hydrocarbon processing and mining.

Form

Gr12 Titanium Sheet, Gr12 Titanium Rod, Gr12 Titanium Tube, Gr12 Titanium Wire， Gr12 Titanium Pipe Fittings, Gr12 Titanium Forgings, etc

Grade 16 Titanium

Feature

Titanium Grade 16 contains 0.04% to 0.08% palladium and is an alpha-type titanium alloy made by adding a small amount of the precious metal palladium (Pd) to pure titanium. The addition of palladium significantly increases and improves the corrosion resistance of titanium alloys in reducing and oxidizing media. It contains less palladium than the Gr7 titanium grade, so it is less expensive.

Application

Gr16 titanium alloy has a wide range of applications in the petroleum and chemical industries. It is commonly used in the manufacture of equipment requiring corrosion resistance, such as electrolysis tanks, reactors and various chemical reaction equipment, especially in acid-containing, chlorine-containing or high-temperature environments, where it shows excellent corrosion resistance. In addition, Gr16 titanium alloy also plays an important role in marine engineering, and is widely used in the manufacture of ship hull components, providing reliable corrosion protection and effectively extending the service life of equipment and structures.

Form

Gr16 Titanium Sheet, Gr16 Titanium Rod, Gr16 Titanium Tube, Gr16 Titanium Wire， Gr16 Titanium Pipe Fittings, Gr16 Titanium Forgings, etc

Ti6Al7Nb Titanium

Feature

Ti-6Al-7Nb titanium alloy, also known as TC20 and UNS R56700, primarily conforms to ASTM F1295. Its main metal composition includes 5.5% to 6.5% aluminum (Al), 6.5% to 7.5% niobium (Nb), and ≤0.5% tantalum (Ta). Among them, niobium (Nb) and vanadium (V) in Ti-6Al-4V alloy have similar atomic concentration, and as a non-toxic β-stabilizing element, its performance is also excellent.Ti-6Al-7Nb alloy as a new type of titanium alloy material with high technical content and high economic value.

Application

Due to its excellent biocompatibility, Ti-6Al-7Nb titanium alloy is widely used in medical and surgical fields, especially as an implantable material to replace bone, which can effectively avoid biological rejection reaction during long-term use in the human body, and therefore is widely used in the manufacture of various orthopedic implants, such as joint replacement, spinal fixation devices, and bone fracture repair appliances. As a kind of high-strength biomedical titanium alloy, Ti-6Al-7Nb alloy can not only meet the high clinical requirements for mechanical properties and biocompatibility, but also become an important material in modern medical technology due to its low density and good processability. Its application in the clinic has greatly improved the rehabilitation effect and quality of life of patients.

Form

Ti-6Al-7Nb  Titanium Sheet, Ti-6Al-7Nb  Titanium Rod, Ti-6Al-7Nb  Titanium Tube, Ti-6Al-7Nb  Titanium Wire etc

Ti13Nb13Zr Titanium

Feature

Ti13Nb13Zr titanium alloy is a high-performance titanium alloy designed for medical applications and conforms to ASTM F1713. The alloy has excellent tensile strength and fatigue resistance to meet the load requirements of the human skeleton, ensuring stability and safety in long-term use. Its fracture shows a typical tough fossa-like fracture, demonstrating good toughness and impact resistance, which further improves the reliability and durability of the material.Ti13Nb13Zr alloy also has excellent hardness and wear resistance, which can meet the needs of human joints for long-term movement and wear, greatly extending the service life of the implant. The alloy integrates well with human tissue, promoting natural bone healing, shortening repair time and reducing patient discomfort after surgery.

Application

Ti13Nb13Zr titanium alloy is widely used in the manufacture of surgical implants such as joint prostheses, bone nails and plates, making it an important material choice in the orthopedic field. In addition, Ti13Nb13Zr titanium alloy is widely used in the manufacture of other medical devices and components, such as spinal fixators and fracture repair appliances, to meet various clinical needs.

Form

Ti13Nb13Zr Titanium Sheet, Ti13Nb13Zr  Titanium Rod, Ti13Nb13Zr  Titanium Tube, Ti13Nb13Zr Titanium Wire etc.

Ti-6Al-2Sn-4Zr-2Mo Titanium

Feature

Ti-6Al-2Sn-4Zr-2Mo titanium alloy, abbreviated as Ti6242, is an alpha titanium alloy with unique high temperature properties. Compared with other titanium alloys, Ti6242 is able to maintain stable mechanical properties and excellent creep resistance at high temperatures of 500-550°C, which makes it an ideal material for high-temperature operating conditions. Conventional titanium alloys such as Ti6Al4V are usually limited to 350°C, while Ti6242 is able to withstand higher loads and sustained stresses at higher temperatures.

Application

Ti6242 is the first titanium alloy to receive AMS specification for additive manufacturing applications. Ti6242 titanium is used in a wide range of aerospace applications, such as turbine components, charge chamber structures, high pressure compressor blades, and fuselage hot ends, where high temperature stability is required along with lighter weight components.

Form

Ti6242 Titanium Sheet, Ti6242 Titanium Rod, Ti6242 Titanium Tube, Ti6242 Titanium Wire ,Ti6242 Titanium Forging etc.

Ti-6Al-2Sn-4Zr-6Mo Titanium

Feature

Ti-6Al-2Sn-4Zr-6Mo titanium alloy, abbreviated as Ti6246, is a high-temperature titanium alloy with high molybdenum (Mo) content, which is particularly suitable for high-temperature and high-stress environments. Due to the addition of molybdenum, Ti6246 alloy has excellent strength and creep resistance at elevated temperatures and can withstand higher operating temperatures and loads. The mechanical properties of the alloy are extremely sensitive to the heat treatment regime, with different heat treatments significantly affecting its strength, hardness and corrosion resistance. As a result, the use of Ti6246 alloy requires precise heat treatment control to ensure optimum performance under extreme conditions.

Application

Ti6246 titanium alloy is widely used in the manufacture of thick-section structural parts for aero-engines, such as fan disks, compressor disks and blades and other key components.

Form

Ti6246 Titanium Sheet, Ti6246 Titanium Rod, Ti6246 Titanium Tube, Ti6246Titanium Wire ,Ti6246 Titanium Forging etc.

Ti-15V-3Al-3Cr-3Sn Titanium

Feature

Ti15333 titanium alloy, also known as TB5, has good elasticity and a low modulus of elasticity of about 80 GPa, which is slightly higher than the modulus of elasticity of nickel-titanium memory alloys (about 60 GPa). This allows the Ti15333 alloy to exhibit excellent flexibility when subjected to stress. Its low hardness makes it easy to mold, and it can be easily bent or machined into complex shapes without cracking. At the same time, Ti15333 alloy also has high tensile strength and can withstand large mechanical loads.

Application

Ti15333 titanium alloy is widely used in the production of titanium eyeglass frames and temples, successfully making up for the lack of elasticity of pure titanium frame temples. The alloy not only has excellent elasticity, but also has memory properties that allow it to regain its original shape while providing long-lasting comfort. the good processing and welding properties of Ti15333 titanium alloy make it easy to produce a wide range of eyeglasses frame shapes and styles, making it an ideal material for eyeglasses production. In addition, Ti15333 titanium alloy is widely used in the manufacture of titanium springs and titanium fasteners.

Form

Ti15333 Titanium Sheet, Ti15333 Titanium Rod, Ti15333 Titanium Wire etc

Conclusion

As listed above some of the commonly used titanium grades, although there are many types of titanium grades, but their characteristics, applications and prices are different, so as long as you grasp the following points will be able to choose the right titanium grade:
1. No special mechanical properties for general industrial use: Gr1 titanium, Gr2 titanium, Gr3 titanium, Gr4 titanium etc
2. Strong mechanical properties required to choose: Gr9 titanium, Gr5 titanium, Gr6 titanium etc
3. Corrosive special requirements: Gr7 titanium, Gr11 titanium, Gr12 titanium, Gr16 titanium etc
4. Medical applications: Gr1 titanium, Gr2 titanium, Gr3 titanium, Gr4 titanium,Gr5Eli titanium, Ti6Al7Nb titanium, Ti13Nb13Zr titanium etc
5. High temperature work selection: Ti6242 titanium, Ti6246 etc
6. Ophthalmic applications: Ti15333 Titanium etc
THT (ti-better.com) offers a wide range of titanium grades, and can be contacted to assist you with specific applications, sizes, and special requirements.